Transitions between different electronic energy levels in elements occur at unique energies and intensities, giving each element a distinctive emission spectrum. When the energy of an incident photon ...

Nuclear Radioactivity - alpha, beta, gamma decay, photoelectric effect, photosynthesis, Planck constant, absorption, emission, mass defect, strong nuclear force, repulsive force, fusion, fission, ...

Nonthermal and thermal plasmas are used in the industrial, engineering, medical, and research industries. Plasma composition is an important parameter in any plasma process. Using optical emission ...

Astronomers have obtained the sharpest-ever X-ray spectrum of an iconic active galaxy, providing the most accurate, precise ...