DNA polymerases catalyze efficient and high-fidelity DNA synthesis. While this reaction favors nucleotide incorporation, polymerases also catalyze a reverse reaction, pyrophosphorolysis, that removes ...

Florida State University researchers have discovered a pathway within a certain type of molecule that limits chemical ...

Living systems are achieved by complex chemical reaction dynamics far from equilibrium, such as gene expression networks, signalling networks, metabolic circuits and neural networks. The design, ...

During chemical reactions, atoms in the reacting substances break their bonds and re-arrange, forming different chemical ...

A dynamic equilibrium is formed in a reversible reaction when the rates of the forward and reverse reaction are equal and the amounts of the reactants and the products remains constant. In this ...

At equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products do not change. But the forward and reverse reactions have not stopped - they are still going on, and at the same rate as each other.

A hot gas dissociates very quickly, on the order of microseconds. One might think we could neglect the speed of dissociation, then, and model the gas in an equilibrium state. However, many things ...

Chemical reactions involve the interaction and transformation of molecules. The Maillard reaction is one example that occurs in baked goods, where sugars react with proteins to create new molecules ...

Computational Chemistry is the study of complex chemical problems using a combination of computer simulations, chemistry theory and information science. Also called cheminformatics, this field enables ...