The wiggly lines of Feynman diagrams illustrate the QCD processes between quarks and gluons that take place inside particles such as protons. A new generation of supercomputers begins to provide ...

The Simons Foundation has announced a new research collaboration to explore the “glue” that holds the visible matter of the universe together. This team of thirteen principal investigators, led by ...

Physicists in the US, India and China have calculated that quarks and gluons can break free from their confinement inside protons and neutrons at a temperature of around two trillion degrees Kelvin – ...

Quarks and antiquarks are the teeny, tiny building blocks with which all matter is built, binding together to form protons and neutrons in a process explained by quantum chromodynamics (QCD).

Pentaquarks do not fit into the traditional quark model of hadrons, but understanding these exotic new particles is offering fresh insights into the subtleties of the strong interaction Five quarks In ...

Polarized proton containing spinning quarks and gluons (represented by right-handed and left-handed spirals). The negative Δg solutions (blue) are disfavored relative to the positive Δg solutions (red ...

The protons and neutrons of atomic nuclei are themselves constructed of quarks held together by gluons. That quark-gluon relationship is governed by the strong interaction, one of the four elemental ...

The strong nuclear force is the force that causes quarks to bind together to form composite particles, such as the proton. It is explained within the standard model of particle physics by a theory ...

Much like two friendly neighbors getting together to chat over a cup of coffee, the minuscule particles in our sub-atomic world also come together to engage in a kind of conversation. Now, nuclear ...

Objects are made of atoms, and atoms are likewise the sum of their parts—electrons, protons, and neutrons. Dive into one of those protons or neutrons, however, and things get weird. Three particles ...