The temperature-responsive sol–gel transition behavior of the copolymer solution or suspension was investigated by the test-tube inversion method. 10 Uniformly dissolved sample solution (named as ...

The sol-gel synthesis process begins with the preparation of a sol, where metal or metalloid precursors are dissolved in a solvent. These precursors undergo hydrolysis and polymerization reactions, ...

Materials having structures and sizes that fall within the range of 1 to 100 nm are referred to as nanostructured materials. Nanostructured materials are associated with a diversity of uses within the ...

The sol-gel process is a widely used method for synthesizing nanoparticles with precise control over size, shape, and composition. This method converts a liquid precursor, or "sol," into a solid gel ...

Sol-gel manufacturing can be used to create various high-performance solids including glasses and ceramics. In the field of glass production, sol-gel techniques are a reliable low-temperature ...