Living cells pay a hidden energy price not just to run chemical reactions, but to keep them on track and block all the ...

Quantum particles have a social life, of a sort. They interact and form relationships with each other, and one of the most important features of a quantum particle is whether it is an introvert—a ...

Physics is the search for and application of rules that can help us understand and predict the world around us. Central to physics are ideas such as energy, mass, particles and waves. Physics attempts ...

Passive, lossy materials with positive index at real frequencies can be used to realize optical antimatter under complex frequency excitation. Our approach enables arbitrary complex \(\epsilon ,\,\mu\ ...

Abstract: Various computational problems can be reduced to computing the marginals and the partition function of a suitably defined standard factor graph (S-FG). The sum-product algorithm (SPA) is an ...